1 Introduction

This online refereeing course is designed for upcoming referees and active referees who want to refresh or deepen their knowledge. Through illustrations and videos, the rules and their interpretation will be illustrated and a broader knowledge will be created. This course can and should never replace a real referee course! In most cases the rules are not quoted, but the explanations and examples in practical application should help to better understand and implement the rules. You can download the rules on the FIVB homepage and on volleyballer.de . All explanations are based on the FIVB rules or the announcement and the regulations of the Austrian Volleyball Federation (ÖVV). If regional regulations are mentioned, this is noted separately. The masculine form used in this document for ease of reading also applies to female persons.

All graphics used on this platform are subject to copyright. All rights reserved. No commercial use, storage, printing or further use of the graphics is permitted without the express written permission of the author or photographer. Contact: volleyball@schirmbacher.at